INTRODUCTION
Background
Family violence is generally stated as a form of abusive behaviour which a member of the family follows to control the other member. The most common type of family violence is domestic violence and which also takes place with females only. Domestic violence is defined as the mistreatment of family members, particularly females, by their intimate partners, that is, the males. This domestic violence takes place in different types of manner like physical, mental, sexual, emotional, financial, psychological and many other forms of violence (Hollingdrake et al, 2023). The current proposal will outline the discussion relating to the different factors which increase family violence. Within Australia, domestic violence with the females is increasing, and as a result, the state of women is not good and effective, and there is a high need to improve the situation.
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Brief review of literature
In the opinion of Vasil (2024) domestic violence with women is currently increasing, and as a result of this, women are not safe in Australia. The data outlined that 3.6 million people are facing violence, and in includes 23 % of females and 14 % of males (FDSV summary, 2025). Pfitzner, Fitz‐Gibbon and Meyer (2022) also supported that in the majority of the cases, the females are the victims and the males are the perpetrators of the violence. There are different types of factors which increase domestic violence against women, and as a result, it is increasing rapidly and affecting the mental state of women more.
Boxall and Morgan (2021) stated that the individual factor is the most common, which can increase the chances of domestic violence. The individual factor includes level of education, thinking and mentality of the people, egoistic behaviour of the males towards the females and many others.
These are the factors which guide the mindset of males towards committing violence with their female partners. Pfitzner, Fitz-Gibbon and True (2022) argued that other than the individual factor, the societal and cultural factor also motivates males to commit violence against females. There are many prejudices which people and society follow, like the females are treated as weaker in comparison to males. Also, the society is male-dominant, and as a result of this, it affects the working and state of females to a great extent.
Hing et al, (2021) also supported that many times when one person commits violence, then the other people in the surrounding also get influenced and they also start to do the same actions. Thus, this creates a very lasting impact on the health of the females with whom the violence has taken place. This is necessary to be implemented, as when the violence is highly prevailing in society, then others also get motivated to commit the same and torture the females. On the other side, FitzPatrick et al, (2022) argued that when females tend to face high violence then it creates a negative impact on their mind and health.
The most common type of impact is the development of stress and depression among them. With the high violence, the mental state of the females is highly impacted. They are not able to concentrate on any particular aspect, and ultimately, the efficiency is affected. Moreover, this also results in developing the capability of committing suicide and as a result, they can endanger their own life. Also, with high violence, there are chances that the female can also try to harm the perpetrator, and resultantly, they can try to physically affect the males and include them in criminal activity as well.
Research question
What are the factors (cultural, individual and social) which lead to family violence among females?
Independent variable (IV): Social, individual and cultural factors
Dependent variable (DV): Domestic violence
DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF METHODS
Design
The research design is defined as the overall plan which is developed by the researcher, including all the methods which will be selected for the successful completion of the study. To make any of the research successful, it is needed that the right type of design is planned so that the intended outcome can be attained well. Out of the two, the qualitative study will be selected, rejecting the quantitative (Saharan et al, 2024). In the current case, the qualitative study is selected, which includes undertaking all the theoretical and non-numeric data relating to the topic.
Also, the nature of the current research topic is qualitative that as the factors increasing the domestic violence against females cannot be displayed in quantitative terms. Hence, as a result of this, the qualitative research will be more suitable for the current study.
Also, the approach selected will be inductive as it is based on setting up of aim and an objective as the direction and working towards attaining it. Hence, for this, the most common type of strategy will include setting the aim and objective so that the whole study can be planned and conducted towards attaining that single aim only (Islam and Aldaihani, 2022).
Moreover, the philosophy selected will be interpretivism, as this supports the qualitative study more. In the case of the positivist philosophy, the major focus is on collecting factual information more, but in the current case, the nature of the research topic is qualitative, and resultantly the research philosophy of interpretivism will be more suitable.
With this, it is clear that the selection of the right type of design is highly needed to be taken. When the research design is selected correctly and appropriately then it will improve efficiency better. With the right decisions, the accurate methods are selected, and the objective of the study is attained in a better and effective manner.
Sampling
The sampling is defined as the type of method in research which helps select the group or the individuals who will represent the whole large group. During the study, there is a large population available for collecting the data. But due to a certain reason, the data cannot be collected from the whole population. In such a case, the right type of sample needs to be followed so that the right type of data can be gathered and analysed, so that the overall working is improved (Takona, 2024).
Based on the random sampling, the females who have faced domestic violence will be selected as the sample of the current study. The total of 20 females from Brisbane will be selected. Here, the females as the sample because they have witnessed the domestic violence, and as a result, they will be in a better position to answer the effects and impact of the violence on their mental and other health issues.
Data collection
To make the study successful, it is highly needed that the right type of data is gathered and used within the study. The study will become successful only when the correct data is used for the evaluation and is analysed correctly. Hence, to address the research issue of factors promoting domestic violence among females of Australia, the data will be collected by following the combination of the primary and secondary data (Mwansa et al, 2022). With reference to primary data, the data will be collected with the help of a questionnaire survey and for the secondary data, the use of different books, journals, articles, and other published data will be used.
In the current case, the combination will be used by the scholar because the primary data will provide the first-hand information and views of the people on what they faced when the violence took place with. Also, this will be supported with the help of the secondary data that is what the existing research has outlined relating to the factor increasing chances of domestic violence, impact on health of women post-violence and many other aspects (Ganesha and Aithal, 2022). Hence, the combination of both primary and secondary data will provide a wider range of the data and resultantly the objectives will be attained better.
Analytic strategy
This includes the evaluation and analysis of the data so that the objectives of the study can be accomplished in a correct manner. For this it is the responsibility of the scholar that they must effectively try to manage and improve the working by analysing the collected data in appropriate manner. For the assessment of current data collected from females who have faced domestic violence, the compliance with the thematic analysis will be made, ignoring the use of SPSS. Here, the thematic analysis will be followed by the scholar, as the topic of research is qualitative in nature, and the data gathered is also qualitative (Mumtaz, 2022). Hence, for this, the compliance with the thematic analysis will be more suitable and good to accomplish the objectives well.
Hence, the major reason behind the selection of thematic analysis is that it will increase the qualitative analysis better and with help of the secondary sources, the primary findings will be supported more. Also, with the help of the thematic analysis the views of the majority of the respondent will be generalised to whole of the population and this will be providing the better and more accurate results. Also, with the help of the thematic analysis, all the answers and views of the respondents will be displayed with the help of tables and charts, which will improve the efficiency of the study and its outcome.
STATEMENT OF STUDY ETHICS
The ethical principles are defined as the values and the principles which help in outlining the fact that what is wrong and what is right. While working on the research, there are many different types of situations where the person selects the wrong aspect. Hence, while conducting the study, the right type of ethical values and principles must be followed so that all the work is done correctly and accurately (Klem et al, 2022).
In the current case of working on assessing the factors which increase domestic violence against females in Australia includes complying with the informed consent principle of ethics. According to this ethical principle the consent is taken from the participant before using their personal information and data in the research. When the participant is providing their personal information then it is the responsibility of the researcher they obtain the written consent from the participant and then ensure better working.
Additionally, another ethical principle followed is the maintenance of the confidentiality of the identity and personal information of the participant. Being a researcher, it is their responsibility to ensure that they do not reveal the identity of the participant and keep it anonymous so that it is not revealed publicly.
Thus, it is the responsibility of the participant they effectively hide their original identity of the participant and must not outline personal information. Along with this, another ethical principle followed is maintaining the reliability and accuracy of the data and the findings (Khoa, Hung and Hejsalem-Brahmi, 2023). All the secondary data is taken from the copyrighted sources only, so that authentic information is used. Additionally, the latest information and data are integrated into the study, and all the articles and sources used are published after 2021 only. Moreover, for finding accurate and reliable data, the use of keyword searching and Boolean operators is made. With the help of this technique, the more accurate and reliable articles are identified and used in the study.
CONCLUSION
Lastly, it is concluded that the current study is based on assessing the factors which can increase domestic violence against women in Australia. The proposal proposed that using the qualitative research design, the study will be accomplished, and the objectives will be attained. The strength of the current study was that a good research design was planned and which will assist the scholar in accomplishing the objectives better. Also, it was seen that the right type of sources for gathering the secondary data were followed. Moreover, the limitation faced by the scholar was related to the selection of the sources and articles. As many publishers are providing similar kinds of data. But to overcome this limitation, the researcher used keyword searching and precisely made the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which guided in right selection of the articles for the completion of the study.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
- Boxall, H., & Morgan, A. (2021). Intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of women in Australia. Canberra: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety.
- FitzPatrick, K. M., Brown, S., Hegarty, K., Mensah, F., & Gartland, D. (2022). Physical and emotional intimate partner violence and women’s health in the first year after childbirth: An Australian pregnancy cohort study. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(3-4), NP2147-NP2176.
- Ganesha, H. R., & Aithal, P. S. (2022). How to choose an appropriate research data collection method and method choice among various research data collection methods and method choices during Ph. D. program in India. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 7(2), 455-489.
- Hing, N., O’mullan, C., Mainey, L., Nuske, E., Breen, H., & Taylor, A. (2021). Impacts of male intimate partner violence on women: A life course perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8303.
- Hollingdrake, O., Saadi, N., Alban Cruz, A., & Currie, J. (2023). Qualitative study of the perspectives of women with lived experience of domestic and family violence on accessing healthcare. Journal of advanced nursing, 79(4), 1353-1366.
- Islam, M. A., & Aldaihani, F. M. F. (2022). Justification for adopting qualitative research method, research approaches, sampling strategy, sample size, interview method, saturation, and data analysis. Journal of International Business and Management, 5(1), 01-11.
- Khoa, B. T., Hung, B. P., & Hejsalem-Brahmi, M. (2023). Qualitative research in social sciences: data collection, data analysis and report writing. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 12(1-2), 187-209.
- Klem, N. R., Bunzli, S., Smith, A., & Shields, N. (2022). Demystifying qualitative research for musculoskeletal practitioners Part 4: A qualitative researcher's toolkit—sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 52(1), 8-10.
- Mumtaz, Z. (2022). Research Design, Methodology, and Data Collection. In Informal Social Protection and Poverty (pp. 73-83). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
- Mwansa, B., Austin Mwange, D. B. A., Windu Matoka, D. B. A., Joseph, C. I., Chibawe, O., Robbson Manda, M. P. A., & Mashiri, G. (2022). Research Methodological Choice: Explaining Research Designs; Qualitative and Quantitative Sample Size Determination, Sampling, Data Collection, and Analysis Techniques. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 87, 1-10.
- Pfitzner, N., Fitz‐Gibbon, K., & Meyer, S. (2022). Responding to women experiencing domestic and family violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic: exploring experiences and impacts of remote service delivery in Australia. Child & Family Social Work, 27(1), 30-40.
- Pfitzner, N., Fitz-Gibbon, K., & True, J. (2022). When staying home isn’t safe: Australian practitioner experiences of responding to intimate partner violence during COVID-19 restrictions. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 6(2), 297-314.
- Saharan, V. A., Kulhari, H., Jadhav, H., Pooja, D., Banerjee, S., & Singh, A. (2024). Introduction to research methodology. In Principles of research methodology and ethics in pharmaceutical sciences (pp. 1-46). CRC Press.
- Takona, J. P. (2024). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Quality & Quantity, 58(1), 1011-1013.
- Vasil, S. (2024). “I came here, and it got worse day by day”: Examining the intersections between migrant precarity and family violence among women with insecure migration status in Australia. Violence against women, 30(10), 2482-2510.
- FDSV summary. 2025. Online. Available through: <https://www.aihw.gov.au/family-domestic-and-sexual-violence/resources/fdsv-summary>
